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Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty are two surgical procedures used in the treatment of gum diseases and for aesthetic purposes. Although these procedures are often confused with each other, they serve different purposes.

What Is Gingivectomy?

Gingivectomy refers to the surgical removal of a portion of the gum tissue. It is generally used in the treatment of gum diseases to remove overgrown or infected gum tissue.

Uses of Gingivectomy

• Reduction of periodontal pockets: Deep pockets (periodontal pockets) formed between the tooth and gum due to gum disease provide a suitable environment for bacteria to grow. Gingivectomy is done to reduce the depth of these pockets.
• Hyperplastic gum tissue: Applied to reduce gum tissue that grows with the side effects of medications (such as phenytoin, cyclosporine) or hormonal changes.
• Aesthetic corrections: Used when smile aesthetics are impaired due to excessive gum growth.
• Access to tartar and plaque: It can be done to facilitate access to cleaning in areas with deep pockets.

How Is Gingivectomy Performed?

The procedure is performed under local anesthesia. The gum tissue is carefully removed with a scalpel, laser or electrocautery. Pressure is applied to the gums or special hemostatic agents are used to control bleeding. The area is usually covered with a periodontal bandage. After the procedure, the gum tissue heals within 1–2 weeks. The patient should eat soft foods and pay attention to oral hygiene.

What Is Gingivoplasty?

Gingivoplasty is the process of shaping the gum tissue. This procedure is usually done for aesthetic reasons and ensures that the gum line has a smooth appearance. Unlike gingivectomy, gum tissue is not removed here, it is only reshaped.

Uses of Gingivoplasty

• Aesthetic purposes: In cases where the gum tissue is irregular, it is done to provide a symmetrical and aesthetic smile.
• Gummy smile: It can be applied in cases where the teeth appear too small or the gums appear excessive.
• Post-trauma correction: It can be used to correct gums that have become irregular after injury or surgery.
• Before dental implants and restorations: It can be done for better seating of crown or bridge restorations.

How Is Gingivoplasty Performed?

The procedure begins with local anesthesia. The gums are shaped with a laser, scalpel, or electrocautery. A smooth contour is created around the teeth. During the procedure, it is ensured that a symmetrical appearance is obtained. The healing process usually takes 1–2 weeks. The patient should use painkillers and mouthwashes recommended by the physician to prevent pain and discomfort.

Differences Between Gingivectomy and Gingivoplasty

• Purpose: Gingivectomy is applied to remove infected or excess tissue; gingivoplasty is applied to shape the gums.
• Usage area: While gingivectomy is applied in deep periodontal pockets and hyperplasia (gingival enlargement), gingivoplasty is applied in gingival irregularities and aesthetic corrections.
• Method of application: Gingivectomy is applied in the form of tissue removal; gingivoplasty is applied as tissue shaping.
• Result: Gingivectomy is a treatment-oriented application; gingivoplasty is an aesthetic-oriented application.

Care After Both Procedures

• Oral hygiene: Oral hygiene is very important after the procedure, but gentle brushing should be done during the healing process.
• Food consumption: Hard, spicy and hot foods should be avoided.
• Check-ups: Regular check-ups as recommended by the dentist should not be neglected.