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Tooth decay is damage that occurs in the hard tissues of the tooth (enamel, dentin, and cementum) due to bacteria. Decay usually occurs as a result of bacteria metabolizing sugars and carbohydrates to produce acid. This acid demineralizes the enamel, causing decay. If left untreated, decay can progress and damage the deep tissues and surrounding structures of the tooth.

Stages of Tooth Decay

Enamel Caries

The beginning of caries appears as a white spot or opacity in the enamel layer.

Dentin Caries

When caries reaches the dentin layer, sensitivity and pain occur.

Pulp Caries

As caries progresses, it can affect the nerve tissue (pulp) of the tooth, causing severe pain and infection.

Apical Periodontitis

If left untreated, the infection reaches the root of the tooth and can affect the bone tissue.

Tooth Decay Treatment

Preventive Treatments (For Initial Caries)

Fluoride Applications: Fluoride varnish or gel is applied to stop the progression of enamel caries and promote remineralization.
Fissure Sealants: The grooves on the chewing surface of the teeth are closed with protective filling materials.

Filling Treatment

After the decayed tissues are cleaned, the cavity formed in the tooth is filled with a suitable filling material:

Amalgam Fillings: They are durable but not aesthetically preferred.
Composite Fillings: It is an aesthetic option because it is the color of the tooth.
Glass Ionomer Fillings: It prevents the recurrence of caries by releasing fluorine.

Root Canal Treatment (If the Pulp is Affected)

The infected pulp tissue inside the tooth is cleaned. The root canals are shaped, disinfected, and filled. It is usually filled with a filling or crown. It is applied if the decayed tooth has reached the nerve tissue.

Tooth Extraction

Tooth extraction is performed in cases where the tooth is damaged beyond repair. The gap formed after extraction can be filled with an implant, bridge, or prosthesis.

Preventing Tooth Decay

It is important to brush your teeth at least twice a day with fluoride toothpaste. To prevent plaque accumulation between the teeth. To avoid sugary and acidic food/drinks. It is important to regularly see a dentist for early diagnosis and treatment of caries. In addition, fluoride applications can be applied by your dentist as they will strengthen the tooth structure.

Treatment of tooth decay becomes easier and less costly with early intervention. In advanced cases, more complex and longer treatments may be needed. Tooth decay treatment varies depending on the size of the decay and the general condition of the tooth.

In General, the Following Methods Are Used

Fluoride Treatment: If the decay is still in its initial stage, fluoride applications are made to strengthen the enamel.
Filling: If the decay has progressed, the decayed tissue is cleaned and filling material is placed in its place.
Root Canal Treatment: If the decay has reached the nerves of the tooth, the nerves are cleaned, and the canal filling is performed.
Tooth Extraction: If the decay is very advanced and the tooth cannot be saved, tooth extraction may be necessary.

Treatment Process

Examination: The dentist thoroughly examines your teeth and takes x-rays to determine the size and location of the decay.
Anesthesia: Local anesthesia is applied so that you do not feel pain during the treatment.
Cleaning of Decayed Tissue: The decayed part is cleaned with the help of special tools.
Filling or Root Canal Treatment: Filling or root canal treatment is applied depending on the situation.
Control: It is important to regularly see the dentist for checkups after the treatment.

After Treatment

Oral Care: Regularly brushing and flossing prevents the recurrence of tooth decay.
Nutrition: Avoiding sugary and acidic foods is important for dental health.

Tooth decay can lead to more serious problems if left untreated. For this reason, it is necessary to consult a dentist at the first symptoms.