Restorative Dental Fillings

Table of Contents

Restorative dental fillings are treatment methods applied to restore the structure and function of teeth that have been damaged due to decay, trauma, or abrasion. The aim is to imitate the natural tooth structure both aesthetically and functionally.
The filling materials used in restorative dentistry aim to restore the structural integrity, function, and aesthetic appearance of the tooth. The filling material chosen varies depending on the size of the decay, the location of the tooth, and aesthetic requirements.

Composite Fillings

Composite fillings are resin-based materials produced in tooth color to provide an aesthetic appearance. They are generally used in anterior and posterior teeth. It is preferred especially in anterior teeth because it is compatible with the natural tooth color. It chemically bonds to the tooth tissue and prevents microleakage. It can be applied with less substance loss in the tooth tissue. Broken or worn fillings can be easily repaired.

It is less durable compared to amalgam and may have a shorter lifespan, especially in areas exposed to high chewing force in posterior teeth. It may cause hot-cold sensitivity in the first few days. The setting time may be longer and requires careful application as it is light-cured.

Usage areas:

Aesthetic restorations in anterior teeth.
Treatment of small and medium sized caries.
Repair of broken teeth.
Closure of diastema (closure of tooth gaps).

Amalgam Fillings

Amalgam is a metal alloy containing silver, tin, copper, and mercury. It has been used as a reliable filling material for many years. However, amalgam fillings are not preferred today due to the day-to-day development of composite-containing filling materials and their sufficient durability.

Advantages: Extremely resistant to abrasion and long-lasting (10-15 years or longer). More affordable than other filling types. It can be applied even in humid environments, which is an advantage especially for posterior teeth.

Disadvantages: Its gray-metal color does not meet aesthetic expectations. Discussions continue about whether it may be risky for health, but it is considered safe in modern applications. More tooth tissue may need to be removed compared to composite. The expansion and contraction of the metal over time can lead to cracks.

Usage areas:

In large caries and posterior teeth.
In areas exposed to intense chewing force.
For patients looking for an economical solution.

Glass Ionomer Fillings (GIC)

Glass ionomer fillings consist of a combination of glass powder and organic acids. It is known for its protective effect on the tooth by releasing fluoride. It helps protect the tooth against decay. It chemically bonds to the tooth structure, which reduces microleakage. It provides a close to tooth color appearance, but not as aesthetic as composite. It can be applied in slightly humid environments, which is an advantage in pediatric dentistry.

Disadvantages: Less durable than composite and amalgam, so it is not preferred in posterior teeth. Not as transparent and shiny as composite. The risk of wear and tear is higher over time.

Usage areas:

In restorations of deciduous teeth.
Caries preventive fillings.
Fissure sealants and protective applications.
In areas exposed to low chewing force.
In temporary restorations.