Periodontal Surgeries (Gum Surgeries)
Periodontal surgeries are procedures performed for the treatment of gum diseases and the aesthetic and functional improvement of gum tissues. These surgical methods aim to stop the progression of gum diseases, restore lost tissues, and achieve healthy gum aesthetics.
Frenectomy
Frenectomy is the surgical removal or correction of muscle attachments (frenulum) located at the connection points of the tongue, lip, or cheek.
Why Is It Done?
It is performed in cases of ankyloglossia (tongue tie), when the frenulum causes gum recession, or when it negatively affects orthodontic treatment or prosthesis stability.
How Is It Done?
Local anesthesia is applied. The frenulum is removed with a scalpel or laser. Stitches may be placed. Mild pain may be experienced, and healing usually occurs within 1–2 weeks.
Connective Tissue Graft (Subepithelial Connective Tissue Graft)
This method is used to cover gum recessions and increase gingival thickness.
Why Is It Done?
It reduces root sensitivity, provides protection against further gum recession, and improves aesthetic appearance.
How Is It Done?
Connective tissue is harvested from the palate under local anesthesia. It is placed in the recession area and sutured. Recovery takes 1–2 weeks, during which a soft diet is recommended.
Free Gingival Graft
Free gingival grafting is used to increase gum tissue volume or to restore receded gums.
Why Is It Done?
It is applied in areas with insufficient gum tissue to provide protection and restore function and aesthetics.
How Is It Done?
A tissue graft including both epithelial and connective tissue layers is taken from the palate and sutured to the target area. Healing typically takes 2–3 weeks.
Gingivectomy
Gingivectomy involves the surgical removal of diseased or excess gum tissue.
Why Is It Done?
It is indicated in cases of gingival hyperplasia, deep pockets that hinder cleaning, or for cosmetic gum level adjustments.
How Is It Done?
Local anesthesia is applied. The excess gum is removed with a scalpel or laser. Bleeding is controlled and stitches may be placed.
Gingivoplasty
Gingivoplasty is the reshaping of the gums for aesthetic correction.
Why Is It Done?
It is performed to correct asymmetrical gum lines or in cases of Gummy Smile (excessive gum visibility).
How Is It Done?
Under local anesthesia, the gums are contoured with a scalpel or laser. Recovery takes approximately 1–2 weeks.
Subgingival Curettage
Subgingival curettage is the cleaning of infected tissue within gum pockets.
Why Is It Done?
This procedure treats periodontitis and helps reduce deep gum pockets.
How Is It Done?
Local anesthesia is applied. Infected tissues are removed using curettes or ultrasonic tools. Gum surfaces are smoothed. Mild sensitivity may occur post-treatment.
Flap Operation
A flap operation is used to clean infected areas and treat bone defects in advanced periodontal disease.
Why Is It Done?
It is effective in reducing deep pockets, correcting bone deformities, and applying bone grafts if necessary.
How Is It Done?
After local anesthesia, the gum is lifted to expose the underlying bone. Infected areas are cleaned, and the bone is either smoothed or grafted. The gum is then sutured back in place. Healing generally occurs within 2–3 weeks.